SAQA All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.
SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY 
REGISTERED UNIT STANDARD THAT HAS PASSED THE END DATE: 

Perform slow flight, stalls and spin recoveries in an aeroplane 
SAQA US ID UNIT STANDARD TITLE
243334  Perform slow flight, stalls and spin recoveries in an aeroplane 
ORIGINATOR
SGB Aerospace Operations 
PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QUALITY ASSURANCE FUNCTIONARY
-  
FIELD SUBFIELD
Field 10 - Physical, Mathematical, Computer and Life Sciences Physical Sciences 
ABET BAND UNIT STANDARD TYPE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL CREDITS
Undefined  Regular  Level 5  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5  4 
REGISTRATION STATUS REGISTRATION START DATE REGISTRATION END DATE SAQA DECISION NUMBER
Passed the End Date -
Status was "Reregistered" 		 2018-07-01  2023-06-30  SAQA 06120/18 
LAST DATE FOR ENROLMENT LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT
2024-06-30   2027-06-30  

In all of the tables in this document, both the pre-2009 NQF Level and the NQF Level is shown. In the text (purpose statements, qualification rules, etc), any references to NQF Levels are to the pre-2009 levels unless specifically stated otherwise.  

This unit standard does not replace any other unit standard and is not replaced by any other unit standard. 

PURPOSE OF THE UNIT STANDARD 
This unit standard will enable learners to manoeuvre the aeroplane during slow flight, perform and recover from stalls and recover from incipient and full spins during commercial, Visual Flight Rules (VFR) flights by day, in compliance with Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) or Military Aviation Authority (MAA) Regulations and safe flying practice. This unit standard will benefit learners within the arena of commercial piloting.

A person credited with this unit standard is able to:
  • Manoeuvre aeroplane during slow flight during real and or simulated flight operations.
  • Perform approaches to stalls and stall recovery during real and or simulated flight operations.
  • Recover from incipient spins.
  • Describe the phenomenon of and recovery from full spin. 
    		•

    LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING 
  • Mathematics at NQF Level 4.
  • Physical Science at NQF Level 4.
  • Communication at NQF Level 4.
  • Perform pre- and post-flight procedures and administration.
  • Controlling the aeroplane by visual reference in normal flight. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD RANGE 
  • Assessment of the learner shall be conducted in compliance with Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) or Military Aviation Authority(MAA) Regulations and in accordance with safe flying practice.
  • The aeroplane and its systems shall be operated within the limitations expressed in the Aircraft flight Manual (AFM) or Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
  • Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) is not to be assessed as a stand-alone element. However the outcomes resulting from CRM can be assessed. CRM is integral to flight and flight safety. Procedural elements of CRM are to be assessed throughout the assessment of all outcomes in a holistic and integrated way.
    > Range of procedural elements include but are not limited to: Use of checklists, crew briefings, radio calls, and callouts.
  • Assessment:
    > Assessments shall be conducted in an aeroplane certified for single pilot operation.
    > If a multi-engine aeroplane is provided for assessment, the learner shall be assessed on competence in carrying out appropriate manoeuvres with one engine (simulated) inoperative.
    > Assessments shall be carried out in Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC).
    > Competence shall be assessed in a single or multi-engine aeroplane with retractable undercarriage and adjustable flaps, and variable pitch propeller, or turbo-propeller or turbo-jet engines, or an equivalent flight simulator approved by the regulatory authority.
  • Tolerances:

    > The assessor shall make allowance for environmental conditions and the handling qualities and performance of the type of aircraft.
    > Assessors should not over emphasize staying within the tolerances at the expense of smooth flying.

    General Flying:

    > ± 5 ° heading, ± 5 kts IAS, ± 100 ft altitude.
    > Aircraft is balanced to within ¼ of the balance ball.
  • Emergencies (simulated):
    > Under no circumstances shall the aircraft or its occupants be placed in jeopardy.
  • Good airmanship appropriate to the level of the unit standard should be demonstrated for all outcomes. Additional elements of airmanship specific to outcomes are indicated in range statements within assessment criteria.
  • Perform and recover from stalls includes but is not limited to:

    > Stall with power applied.
    > Stall with flaps selected.
    > Stall with undercarriage extended.
    > Stall with undercarriage retracted.
    > Stall while aeroplane is climbing.
    > Stall while aeroplane is descending.
    > Stall while aeroplane is turning.
    > Stall while aeroplane is in approach configuration.

    Recovery from stall is to be assessed under the following conditions:

    > Recovery from stall using power.
    > Recovery from stall without using power.
    > Recovery from stall during a turn. 
    		•

    Specific Outcomes and Assessment Criteria: 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 1 
    Manoeuvre aeroplane in slow flight during real and or simulated flight operations. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Pre-manoeuvre checks are conducted to inform decision making. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Straight and level flight is maintained at 1,2 x stalling speed in the selected configuration within general flight tolerances. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    The aeroplane is turned at 1,2 x stalling speed in the selected configuration within general flight tolerances. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Turn refers to medium level turns.
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    The aeroplane is accelerated to normal cruise speed within general flight tolerances. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 2 
    Perform approaches to stalls and stall recovery and avoidance techniques during real and or simulated flight operations. 
    OUTCOME RANGE 
    Where the AFM/POH prescribes or recommends a recovery technique, this technique should be used. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Pre-manoeuvre checks and procedures are conducted to make an informed decision. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Stall is approached within general flight tolerances. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Symptoms of an impending stall and full stall are distinguished to make an informed decision. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    Recovery is achieved with minimum height loss according to manufacturer's recommendations and standard operating procedures. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 3 
    Recover from incipient spins. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Pre-manoeuvre checks and procedures are conducted make an informed decision. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Incipient spin is entered within general flight tolerances. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Incipient spin entry includes but is not limited to flight manoeuvre, symptom identification, deliberate and/or inadvertent.
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Recovery from incipient spin is demonstrated in accordance with AFM/POH recommended technique. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    Climb is entered to recover aeroplane to safe or prescribed altitude. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 4 
    Describe the phenomenon of and recovery from full spin. 
    OUTCOME RANGE 
    Full spin includes erect and inverted spins. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Pre-manoeuvre checks and procedures are explained make an informed decision. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Full spin is explained in terms of aerodynamic and physics principles. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Spin includes but is not limited to entry, flight manoeuvre, full development, symptom identification, erect and inverted spins (Physics refer to gyros).
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Recovery from spin is explained in accordance with general and/or AFM/POH recommended techniques. 


    UNIT STANDARD ACCREDITATION AND MODERATION OPTIONS 
  • Anyone assessing a learner or moderating the assessment of a learner against this unit standard must be registered as an assessor with the relevant ETQA in accordance with the current ETQA regulations.
  • Any institution offering learning that will enable the achievement of this unit standard must be accredited as a provider with the relevant ETQA.
  • Other ETQA's who have a Memorandum of Understanding with the relevant ETQA would be responsible for moderation of learner achievements of learners who meet the requirements of this qualification. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD ESSENTIAL EMBEDDED KNOWLEDGE 
  • Effects of controls.
  • General and type-specific aeroplane technical knowledge.
  • Aerodynamics of stalling.
  • Aerodynamics of spinning.
  • General engine handling.
  • Applicable rules and regulations.
  • Aeroplane limitations and handling techniques from the AFM/POH.
  • Physics principles.
  • Principles of flight. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME 
    N/A 

    UNIT STANDARD LINKAGES 
    N/A 


    Critical Cross-field Outcomes (CCFO): 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO IDENTIFYING 
    Identifying and solving problems in which responses display that responsible decisions using critical and creative thinking have been made when:
  • Planning and performing flights to achieve objectives within the constraints of the aeroplane limitations and regulatory requirements. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO WORKING 
    Working effectively with others as a member of a team, group, organisation, and community during:
  • Acting as pilot-in-command of a flight crew.
  • Communicating with Air Traffic Service (ATS) and organising the flight in cognisance of other air traffic.
  • Establishing and maintaining an open communication environment conducive to good team work. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO ORGANISING 
    Organising and managing oneself and one's activities responsibly and effectively when:
  • Plan ahead.
  • Compliance with applicable legislation.
  • Performing appropriate checks and procedures.
  • Using checklists where appropriate.
  • Exercising command ability and manoeuvring the aeroplane within its limits in order to achieve the desired outcomes. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COLLECTING 
    Collecting, analysing, organising and critically evaluating information to better understand and explain:
  • Identifying symptoms of instrument, system and engine malfunctions.
  • Identifying changes to the conditions and the prevailing weather.
  • Identifying changes to the traffic flow which may require adaptation of the flight path. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COMMUNICATING 
    Communicating effectively using visual, mathematical and/or language skills in the modes of oral and/or written persuasion when:
  • Radio and cockpit communication is in accordance with standard procedures and phraseology to ensure clarity and brevity of communication is achieved.
  • Establishing and maintaining an open communication environment conducive to good team work. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO SCIENCE 
    Using science and technology effectively and critically, showing responsibility towards the environment and health of others when:
  • Proper and effective visual scanning to clear the area before and while performing manoeuvres.
  • Operation of the aeroplane and its systems in accordance with the AFM/POH.
  • Taking prompt corrective action when tolerances are exceeded.
  • Flying the aeroplane in such a way that tolerance exceedences are kept to a minimum. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO DEMONSTRATING 
    Demonstrating an understanding of the world as a set of related systems by recognising that problem-solving contexts do not exist in isolation when:
  • A high level of situational awareness is maintained.
  • Airspace restrictions and requirements are adhered to.
  • Curfews, noise abatement procedures and other measures to minimise disturbance to the environment and the public are observed.
  • Safe flying practice is maintained. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD ASSESSOR CRITERIA 
  • The assessor must hold a recognised relevant civil or military flying instructor certification as applicable to the stream of assessment.
  • The assessor must be competent in the outcomes of this unit standard. 
    		•

    REREGISTRATION HISTORY 
    As per the SAQA Board decision/s at that time, this unit standard was Reregistered in 2012; 2015. 

    UNIT STANDARD NOTES 
    Learners who are not competent in the language proficiency standard for ICAO defined operational English at ICAO level 4 will find it difficult to meet licensing requirements.

    Use of distractions during practical assessment:
  • Numerous studies indicate that many accidents have occurred when the pilot has been distracted during critical phases of flight. To strengthen this area of pilot training and evaluation, the assessor shall provide a realistic distraction during the flight portion of the practical test. This will give the assessor a positive opportunity to evaluate the learner's ability to divide attention both inside and outside the cockpit while maintaining safe flight.
  • The information contained in this unit standard does not supersede any information contained in manufacturer's instructions or any law.

    Abbreviations:
  • IFR: Instrument Flight Rules.
  • VFR: Visual Flight Rules.
  • VMC: Visual Meteorology Conditions.
  • CAA: Civil Aviation Authority.
  • MAA: Military Aviation Authority.
  • AFM: Aircraft flight Manual.
  • POH: Pilot Operating Handbook.
  • CRM: Cockpit Resource Management.
  • IAS: Indicated Air Speed.

    Definitions:
  • Airmanship is defined as incorporating the ability to make sound judgements and execution of safe practices.
  • Situational awareness: The perception of the elements in the environment within a volume of time and space, the comprehension of their meaning, and the projection of their status in the near future. 
    		•

    QUALIFICATIONS UTILISING THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
      ID QUALIFICATION TITLE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL STATUS END DATE PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QA FUNCTIONARY
    Elective  58023   National Diploma: Aircraft Piloting  Level 5  NQF Level 05  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2016-12-31  TETA 


    PROVIDERS CURRENTLY ACCREDITED TO OFFER THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
    This information shows the current accreditations (i.e. those not past their accreditation end dates), and is the most complete record available to SAQA as of today. Some Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionaries have a lag in their recording systems for provider accreditation, in turn leading to a lag in notifying SAQA of all the providers that they have accredited to offer qualifications and unit standards, as well as any extensions to accreditation end dates. The relevant Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionary should be notified if a record appears to be missing from here.
     
    NONE 


    All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.