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SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY 
REGISTERED UNIT STANDARD THAT HAS PASSED THE END DATE: 

Know and understand system operations under abnormal conditions on interconnected electrical networks 
SAQA US ID UNIT STANDARD TITLE
242765  Know and understand system operations under abnormal conditions on interconnected electrical networks 
ORIGINATOR
SGB Power Plant Operations 
PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QUALITY ASSURANCE FUNCTIONARY
-  
FIELD SUBFIELD
Field 06 - Manufacturing, Engineering and Technology Engineering and Related Design 
ABET BAND UNIT STANDARD TYPE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL CREDITS
Undefined  Regular  Level 6  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L6  4 
REGISTRATION STATUS REGISTRATION START DATE REGISTRATION END DATE SAQA DECISION NUMBER
Passed the End Date -
Status was "Reregistered" 		 2018-07-01  2023-06-30  SAQA 06120/18 
LAST DATE FOR ENROLMENT LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT
2024-06-30   2027-06-30  

In all of the tables in this document, both the pre-2009 NQF Level and the NQF Level is shown. In the text (purpose statements, qualification rules, etc), any references to NQF Levels are to the pre-2009 levels unless specifically stated otherwise.  

This unit standard does not replace any other unit standard and is not replaced by any other unit standard. 

PURPOSE OF THE UNIT STANDARD 
A person accredited with this unit standard knows and understands abnormal situations that can occur on the Electrical Network and how different pieces of apparatus can act under abnormal conditions. 

LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING 
It is assumed that learners are already competent in:
  • Electrical and Mechanical understanding at NQF level 5.
  • Communication and Mathematical Literacy at NQF level 5.
  • Knowledge of load dispatch on interconnected electrical networks at level 5. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD RANGE 
    N/A 

    Specific Outcomes and Assessment Criteria: 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 1 
    Demonstrate an understanding of operating state and design processes. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Boundaries of normal operation are explained according to specified requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Events and conditions, which can move the system into an abnormal condition, are explained according to specified requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Characteristics of an emergency state are described with examples. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    Interrelation of the different states on the Electrical Network is explained in accordance with specified requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    The information shown on a control centre dynamic wall map is interpreted in accordance with specified requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    The interrelation of system operators, regional operators and plant operators is described in accordance with specified requirements. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 2 
    Describe generation deficient conditions. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Events against which systems are tested to ensure their ability to survive contingencies are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Events simulated to investigate how the system will behave under abnormal conditions are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Limitations of capacitor banks and generators to supply reactive power when the system voltage is declining are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    The relation between energy consumption and supply in a small part of a large interconnected system are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    Interconnections to reduce the need for generation reserves are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    Economy interchanges and emergency support are described according to requirements. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 3 
    Demonstrate an understanding of islanding conditions. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Strategies to prevent a system in the alert state from dropping into an emergency or blackout state are explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Application of phase shifting transformer is described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Application of tie line tripping relays on interconnections and the limitations that they can impose are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    Loss of part of the system synchronism with the remainder of the system is described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    Maximum amount of power that can be transferred across a transmission line is determined according to specified requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    Relay detection that a line is faulted is explained according to requirements. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    The voltage vectors across the line are 180 degrees out of phase.
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 7 
    Hydro-electric generating concepts, parts and limitations are explained with examples. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 8 
    Steam turbines generating concepts, parts and limitations are explained with examples. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 9 
    The difference between under frequency relaying and frequency trend relaying is explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 10 
    Need for load frequency control in areas prone to islanding is described according to requirements. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 4 
    Explain abnormal voltage conditions. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Typical maximum and minimum voltages are explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Ferranti effect on lightly loaded lines are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Voltage collapse situations and causes are explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    Role of switching capacitors and reactors during a voltage collapse are explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    Stages of a voltage collapse are explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    Effects of geomagnetic storms on transformers are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 7 
    Return period for geomagnetic storms is described according to requirements. 


    UNIT STANDARD ACCREDITATION AND MODERATION OPTIONS 
  • Anyone assessing a learner or moderating the assessment of a learner against this unit standard must be registered as an assessor with the relevant Education, Training, Quality, Assurance (ETQA) Body, or with an ETQA that has a Memorandum of Understanding with the relevant ETQA.
  • Any institution offering learning that will enable the achievement of this unit standard must be accredited as a provider with the relevant Education, Training, Quality, Assurance (ETQA) Body, or with an ETQA that has a Memorandum of Understanding with the relevant ETQA.
  • Assessment and moderation of assessment will be overseen by the relevant Education, Training, Quality, Assurance (ETQA) Body, or by an ETQA that has a Memorandum of Understanding with the relevant ETQA, according to the ETQA's policies and guidelines for assessment and moderation.
  • Moderation must include both internal and external moderation of assessments at exit points of the Qualification, unless ETQA policies specify otherwise. Moderation should also encompass achievement of the competence described both in individual Unit Standards as well as the integrated competence described in the Qualification.
  • Anyone wishing to be assessed against this unit standard may apply to be assessed by any assessment agency, assessor or provider institution that is accredited by the relevant ETQA. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD ESSENTIAL EMBEDDED KNOWLEDGE 
    Knowledge of system operations under abnormal conditions on an interconnected electrical network. 

    UNIT STANDARD DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME 
    N/A 

    UNIT STANDARD LINKAGES 
    N/A 


    Critical Cross-field Outcomes (CCFO): 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO IDENTIFYING 
    Solve problems. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO WORKING 
    Work effectively with others as a group/ team/organisation/community. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO ORGANISING 
    Organise and manage oneself and one's activities responsibly and effectively. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COLLECTING 
    Collect, organise and critically evaluate information. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COMMUNICATING 
    Communicate effectively using visual, mathematical and language skills in the modes of oral and written procedures. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO SCIENCE 
    Use science and technology effectively and critically. Show responsibility towards the environment and health of others. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO DEMONSTRATING 
    Demonstrate an understanding of the world as a set of related systems. 

    UNIT STANDARD ASSESSOR CRITERIA 
    N/A 

    REREGISTRATION HISTORY 
    As per the SAQA Board decision/s at that time, this unit standard was Reregistered in 2012; 2015. 

    UNIT STANDARD NOTES 
    The following references to assessment tools to be made available through out this unit standard:
  • It is recommended that the learning material available from L&K International or any other relevant source on Electrical Network Fundamentals be studied prior to assessment.
  • Assessment to be conducted in line with the specific outcomes and criteria as stipulated in this standard. 
    		•

    QUALIFICATIONS UTILISING THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
      ID QUALIFICATION TITLE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL STATUS END DATE PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QA FUNCTIONARY
    Elective  57693   National Diploma: Electrical Network Power Dispatch Controlling  Level 5  NQF Level 05  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2023-06-30  EWSETA 


    PROVIDERS CURRENTLY ACCREDITED TO OFFER THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
    This information shows the current accreditations (i.e. those not past their accreditation end dates), and is the most complete record available to SAQA as of today. Some Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionaries have a lag in their recording systems for provider accreditation, in turn leading to a lag in notifying SAQA of all the providers that they have accredited to offer qualifications and unit standards, as well as any extensions to accreditation end dates. The relevant Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionary should be notified if a record appears to be missing from here.
     
    NONE 


    All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.