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SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY 
REGISTERED UNIT STANDARD THAT HAS PASSED THE END DATE: 

Know and understand system security on the electrical network interconnected system 
SAQA US ID UNIT STANDARD TITLE
242761  Know and understand system security on the electrical network interconnected system 
ORIGINATOR
SGB Power Plant Operations 
PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QUALITY ASSURANCE FUNCTIONARY
-  
FIELD SUBFIELD
Field 06 - Manufacturing, Engineering and Technology Engineering and Related Design 
ABET BAND UNIT STANDARD TYPE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL CREDITS
Undefined  Regular  Level 6  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L6  4 
REGISTRATION STATUS REGISTRATION START DATE REGISTRATION END DATE SAQA DECISION NUMBER
Passed the End Date -
Status was "Reregistered" 		 2018-07-01  2023-06-30  SAQA 06120/18 
LAST DATE FOR ENROLMENT LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT
2024-06-30   2027-06-30  

In all of the tables in this document, both the pre-2009 NQF Level and the NQF Level is shown. In the text (purpose statements, qualification rules, etc), any references to NQF Levels are to the pre-2009 levels unless specifically stated otherwise.  

This unit standard does not replace any other unit standard and is not replaced by any other unit standard. 

PURPOSE OF THE UNIT STANDARD 
A person credited with this unit standard knows and understands the concept of "operating security" as the ability of a electrical network to withstand or limit the adverse effects of any credible contingency, including:
  • Overload beyond emergency rating.
  • Excessive or inadequate voltage.
  • Loss of stability or abnormal frequency deviation. 
    		•

    LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING 
    It is assumed that learners are already competent in:
  • Communication and Mathematical Literacy at NQF Level 5.
  • Electrical and Mechanical understanding at NQF level 5.
  • Knowledge of load dispatch on interconnected electrical networks at level 5. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD RANGE 
    N/A 

    Specific Outcomes and Assessment Criteria: 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 1 
    Describe interconnected power flow. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    System security is explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Reasons for interconnecting electrical network are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Control areas boundaries are explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    Tie line flow characteristics following a large unit trip in an interconnection are explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    The effect of a capacity emergency on the security of an interconnection is described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    Problems associated with loop flow and parallel flow during normal operating conditions are described according to requirements. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 2 
    Explain transmission line loadability. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Factors that determine a line's loadability are explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    The effect of increased Mega Watt (MW) loading on the reactive requirements of a transmission line and, consequently on voltage drop, is explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Industry standards for maximum permissible voltage drop following credible contingencies are explained according to requirements. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 3 
    Know equipment limitations and security monitoring. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    The concept of "steady state stability limit" across a given path is explained in terms of voltage and reactance. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    The consequences of loss of synchronism on the electrical network are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Typical power angle curve and comparison to the curve of one or more parallel circuit's trip is determined and explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    Typical line loadability curve for electrical network lines of different lengths is explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    The overriding limit for short lines versus long lines is explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    The effect of compensation on line loadability is described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 7 
    Electrical equipment that may be the limiting factor in determining how much power can be transmitted across a given path is described according to requirements. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Overhead lines are excluded.
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 8 
    The thermal and charging limitations of high voltage underground cables are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 9 
    The thermal capability of power transformers as well as cooling methods that are employed to increase MVA rating are explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 10 
    Typical transformer overload magnitude, duration, and expected loss of life, based on established loading guides for power transformers are described according to requirements. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 4 
    Describe methods of improving system security. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Electronic Monitoring systems (EMS) to monitor the security of the electrical network are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Software tools that alert operators to actual and predicted security problems on the network are explained in accordance with requirements. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Software tools incorporated into an EMS.
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Dynamic security assessment (DSA) is explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) and its mission in preserving security is explained within a relevant context. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    Loading relief methods that may be undertaken and supervised are explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    Devices that can dynamically control the flow of power over specific transmission circuits are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 7 
    Concepts, practices and emergency measures of reserves are explained according to requirements. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Operating reserve, spinning reserve and non spinning reserve.
     


    UNIT STANDARD ACCREDITATION AND MODERATION OPTIONS 
  • Anyone assessing a learner or moderating the assessment of a learner against this unit standard must be registered as an assessor with the relevant Education, Training, Quality, Assurance (ETQA) Body, or with an ETQA that has a Memorandum of Understanding with the relevant ETQA.
  • Any institution offering learning that will enable the achievement of this unit standard must be accredited as a provider with the relevant Education, Training, Quality, Assurance (ETQA) Body, or with an ETQA that has a Memorandum of Understanding with the relevant ETQA.
  • Assessment and moderation of assessment will be overseen by the relevant Education, Training, Quality, Assurance (ETQA) Body, or by an ETQA that has a Memorandum of Understanding with the relevant ETQA, according to the ETQA's policies and guidelines for assessment and moderation.
  • Moderation must include both internal and external moderation of assessments at exit points of the unit standard, unless ETQA policies specify otherwise. Moderation should also encompass achievement of the competence described both in the Unit Standard.
  • Anyone wishing to be assessed against this unit standard may apply to be assessed by any assessment agency, assessor or provider institution that is accredited by the relevant ETQA. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD ESSENTIAL EMBEDDED KNOWLEDGE 
    Knowledge of system security on the electrical network interconnected system. 

    UNIT STANDARD DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME 
    N/A 

    UNIT STANDARD LINKAGES 
    N/A 


    Critical Cross-field Outcomes (CCFO): 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO IDENTIFYING 
    Solve problems. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO ORGANISING 
    Organise and manage oneself and one's activities responsibly and effectively. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COLLECTING 
    Collect, organise and critically evaluate information. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COMMUNICATING 
    Communicate effectively using visual, mathematical and language skills in the modes of oral and written procedures. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO SCIENCE 
    Use science and technology effectively and critically. Show responsibility towards the environment and health of others. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO DEMONSTRATING 
    Demonstrate an understanding of the world as a set of related systems. 

    UNIT STANDARD ASSESSOR CRITERIA 
    N/A 

    REREGISTRATION HISTORY 
    As per the SAQA Board decision/s at that time, this unit standard was Reregistered in 2012; 2015. 

    UNIT STANDARD NOTES 
    N/A 

    QUALIFICATIONS UTILISING THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
      ID QUALIFICATION TITLE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL STATUS END DATE PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QA FUNCTIONARY
    Elective  57693   National Diploma: Electrical Network Power Dispatch Controlling  Level 5  NQF Level 05  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2023-06-30  EWSETA 


    PROVIDERS CURRENTLY ACCREDITED TO OFFER THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
    This information shows the current accreditations (i.e. those not past their accreditation end dates), and is the most complete record available to SAQA as of today. Some Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionaries have a lag in their recording systems for provider accreditation, in turn leading to a lag in notifying SAQA of all the providers that they have accredited to offer qualifications and unit standards, as well as any extensions to accreditation end dates. The relevant Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionary should be notified if a record appears to be missing from here.
     
    NONE 


    All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.